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Background Climate change has resulted in long-term impacts on human health. Implementing efficient adaptation strategies among primary healthcare facilities is well determined by whether staff of different genders recognize the health risks related to climate change and are willing to take active measures. Objective To investigate gender differences on perceptions of health risks and attitude towards adaptation strategies among primary healthcare workers in China, and provide relevant suggestions. Methods By adopting a multi-stage cluster sampling method, we selected 21 urban and 10 rural healthcare facilities in Guangdong Province to collect information with a questionnaire. Then chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the gender differences in climate change-related health risk cognition, knowledge acquisition channels, attitudes towards adaptation strategies, main obstacles, and resource requirements among the healthcare workers. Results Of 733 participants, 38.47% (282 participants) were male and 61.53% (451 participants) were female. The percentages of male healthcare workers who agreed that climate change is happening and recognized the causes of climate change (70.21%, 60.99%) were higher than the percentages of female counterparts (59.87%, 49.00%) (both Ps＜0.05), but no obvious gender differences existed in recognizing health risks of heatwaves and infectious diseases as well as sensitive population identification (all Ps＞0.05). Most of the participants (92.50%) received climate change and health-related information from mass media like TV, radio, and newspapers. Meanwhile less men chose new media channels than women (OR=0.62, 95%CI∶ 0.41-0.94). Only 30.56% of the participants (33.69% of men and 28.60% of women) reported involvement of relevant training and lectures. Most of them (90.96%) agreed to take active measures to deal with the health threats associated with climate change without gender differences for various measures (all Ps＞0.05). The leading obstacles were hard to integrate health adaptation to climate change into main work of institutions (most female agreed, 72.28%) and the lack of funds (most male agreed, 77.66%). Increasing funding for primary health care was regarded as the most needed resource by male (86.88%) and female (89.14%). After controlling the influence of other social factors, more men agreed with the lack of funds than women (OR=1.57, 95%CI∶ 1.10-2.24). Conclusion There are some gender differences in the perceptions of health risks and adaptation strategies of climate change among primary healthcare workers: Male staff are more likely to agree with climate change and regard the lack of funds as the main obstacle, while women prefer to choose new media channels to obtain information. It’s suggested that the government and relevant institutions focus on the learning and training of climate change and health-related knowledge and expand diversified information access, and promote capacity building to cope with health threats at grass-root level, in the light of recognized gender differences among primary healthcare workers.
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Background Climate change leads to frequent heavy rainfall events, and higher incidences of bacillary dysentery after heavy rainfall have been observed. The impacts of heavy rainfall and its antecedent rainfall conditions on the disease are worth paying attention to. Objective To quantitatively analyze how the relationship between heavy rainfall events and bacillary dysentery occurrence is modified by antecedent rainfall conditions in Anhui Province and explore the different moderation effects in urban and rural contexts. Methods CN05.1 meteorological data of Anhui Province and cases of bacillary dysentery of the same area were collected from January 1, 2006 to August 31, 2017. An exposure-response Poisson regression model of heavy rainfall events and the number of daily cases was constructed to explore the moderation effect of antecedent rainfall conditions on the incidence of bacillary dysentery, and further stratified by urban and rural areas. Results This study included 129 459 cases of bacillary dysentery, with a daily average of 30.39. Compared with dry antecedent conditions without heavy rainfall, dry antecedent conditions with heavy rainfall had no obvious different effect on the incidence of bacillary dysentery for the whole province (P>0.05). But wet antecedent conditions significantly increased the risk of bacillary dysentery for the whole province after heavy rainfall (wet antecedent conditions without heavy rainfall: RR=1.281, 95%CI: 1.264-1.298; wet antecedent conditions with heavy rainfall: RR=1.267, 95%CI: 1.167-1.376). After urban and rural stratification, antecedent rainfall conditions also showed a significant moderation effect on the incidence of bacillary dysentery following heavy rainfall events. Compared with dry antecedent conditions without heavy rainfall, dry antecedent conditions with heavy rainfall had no obvious effect on the incidence of bacillary dysentery for the urban and the rural populations (P > 0.05). However, wet antecedent conditions without heavy rainfall (urban: RR=1.391, 95%CI: 1.362-1.421; rural: RR=1.222, 95%CI: 1.201-1.243) and wet antecedent conditions with heavy rainfall (urban: RR=1.364, 95%CI: 1.193-1.559; rural: RR=1.218, 95%CI: 1.098-1.352) significantly increased the risk of bacillary dysentery in both rural and urban areas. Conclusion In the influence of heavy rainfall on the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Anhui Province, antecedent rainfall conditions have a certain moderation effect in the whole province and in both urban and rural areas, and the risk of bacillary dysentery is increased under wet antecedent conditions.
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Infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem, which has a significant impact on global disease burden. Under the background of climate change, rainstorms increase and floods occur frequently. Most studies show that the incidences of infectious diarrhea disease increase significantly after rainstorm and flood events. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on the path of rainstorm and flood events affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea, including the key links and mechanisms underlying environmental-social interaction. This study comprehensively combed the literature from environmental factors, socio-economic and cultural factors, and population and individual susceptibility factors. The potential mechanisms of infectious diarrhea caused by rainstorm and flood events were discussed from the aspects of spreading of pathogens, affecting sanitation facilities and (or) drinking water treatment infrastructure, the regulatory role of individual and behavioral factors, and long-term effects. Based on the "pressure-state-response" model, a social driving process model of rainstorm and flood leading to incidence of infectious diarrhea was constructed. This model could provide reference for future quantitative modeling and other research directions. It is helpful to guide the public health departments to accurately identify factors affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea after rainstorm and flood, so as to take targeted intervention measures.
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Objective To investigate the prognostic value between gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma staging system from International Union Against Cancer (UICC) / American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition in treatment of the patients with advanced Siewert type Ⅱ adenocarcinomas of esophagogastric junction (AEG) in China. Methods A total of 67 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as pT3-pT4 Siewert type Ⅱ AEG in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from November 2012 to September 2013 were enrolled. The stage distribution and survival of the patients in two staging systems were compared. The homogeneity and discriminative power of the two staging systems were compared by using likelihood ratio chi-square test and linear trend chi-square test. Log likelihood and C-index were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the two staging systems. Results The stage distribution in gastric cancer staging system of 67 patients was ⅡA (16.4％), ⅡB (14.9％), ⅢA (31.3％), ⅢB (34.3％), ⅢC (3.0％), and 5-year survival rates ofⅡA, ⅡB, ⅢA, ⅢB were 81.8％, 70.0％, 39.1％ and 36.6％, respectively (χ2= 8.221, P= 0.042); the stage distribution of esophageal adenocarcinoma staging system was ⅡB (22.4％), ⅢB (40.3％) and ⅣA (37.3％), and 5-year survival rates were 80.0％, 43.7％and 40.0％, respectively (χ2=7.671, P=0.022). The likelihood ratio chi-square value and linear trend chi-square value of the gastric cancer classification system were more than those of esophageal adenocarcinoma staging system (7.855 vs. 6.692, 6.051 vs. 5.351), and Log likelihood estimation value of the gastric cancer classification system was less than that of esophageal adenocarcinoma classification system (241.324 vs. 242.045), and C index of the gastric cancer classification system was more than that of esophageal adenocarcinoma staging system (0.7289 vs. 0.7215). Conclusion UICC/AJCC 8th edition gastric cancer TNM staging system is superior to esophageal adenocarcinoma TNM staging system in predicting the prognosis of advanced Siewert typeⅡAEG.
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Objective@#To retrospectively analyze the laboratory findings and ultrasonographic features in acute phase of children suffering from Kawasaki disease (KD) with stable hemodynamics and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS), so as to provide the evidence for early diagnosis, timely treatment and improvement of prognosis of KDSS.@*Methods@#Four hundred and eighteen patients with KD diagnosed at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from November 2016 to May 2018 were selected, including 23 KDSS patients(KDSS group) and 395 cases with stable hemodynamic(KD without shock group). The clinical characteristics, laboratory index and ultrasonic examination data of the 2 groups were collected and compared for statistical conclusion.@*Results@#(1)The level of C-reaction protein(CRP)[166.20 mg/L (74.40 mg/L)], γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT)[88.00 IU/L (126.00 IU/L)], creatine kinase isoenzyme(CKI)[1.78 μg/L (5.17 μg/L)], troponin(TP)[0.01 μg/L (0.39 μg/L)] in the KDSS group in acute phase were all higher than those in the KD without shock group[70.50 mg/L (54.30 mg/L), 40.00 IU/L (89.00 IU/L), 1.20 μg/L (0.85 μg/L), 0.01 μg/L (0.01 μg/L)], hemoglobin(Hb)[90.00 g/L (15.00 g/L)], ablumin [24.20 g/L (4.30 g/L)], serum sodium[130.90 mmol/L (5.60 mmol/L)] levels in the KDSS group were lower than those in the KD without shock group[107.00 g/L (14.00 g/L), 33.40 g/L (4.08 g/L), 136.10 mmol/L (3.25 mmol/L)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (2)The incidence rates of impaired left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[<55%: 3 cases (13.03%) vs.8 cases (2.00%)], coronary artery abnormalities[left anterior descending branch(LAD) Z-score>2.5: 6 cases (26.09%) vs.35 cases (8.86%)]and valvular regurgitation[tricuspid regurgitation(TR)≥moderate: 3 cases (13.03%) vs.5 cases (1.26%)]in the KDSS group were higher than those in the KD without shock group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3)Among acute phase in KDSS group, 9 cases (39.13%) had liver enlargement, 9 cases (39.13%) had peritoneal effusion, 3 cases (13.04%) had diffuse renal lesions, 3 cases (13.04%) had joint effusion (2 cases of knee joint effusion, 1 case of hip joint effusion), and 2 cases (8.70%) had enteritis.In the KD without shock group, only 3 cases (0.76%) had hepatomegaly and 2 cases (0.51%) had a small amount of knee effusion.@*Conclusions@#Laboratory findings of KDSS group showed higher level of CRP, CKI, TP as well as γ-GT than those in KD without shock group, who are more prone to suffer from hypohemoglobin, hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia.Ultrasound examination showed that KDSS children were more prone to have heart or multiple-organ damage.Clinicians should raise their awareness to provide comprehensive assessment as well as timely and effective treatment.
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Objective To explore the value of ultrasound gray scale ratio (UGSR) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) with different sizes.Methods A retrospective study was made in 702 patients with 1107 nodules which were confirmed by surgery in the Department of Oncology or fineneedle aspiration of HangZhou First people's Hospital,Zhejiang University of medical school from Jan.2016 to Oct.2017.All the thyroid nodules were divided into three groups:D≤ 1 cm group,1＜D≤2 cm group and ＞2 cm group according to their sizes.The UGSR of the PTC and NG were obtained through the RAD info system.Their differences were analyzed and ROC was established to confirm the optimal threshold in the differential diagnosis between PTC and NG among the groups.Results There were 483 PTC and 624 NG in this study.The UGSR of D≤ 1 cm group,1＜D≤2 cm group and ＞2 cm group of PTC and NG were (0.48±0.12) vs (0.76±0.22)(t=33.21,P=0.00);(0.52±0.17) vs(0.80±0.21)(t=1.30,P=0.00) and (0.63±0.20) vs(0.89±0.24)(t=3.58,P=0.00) respectively.The area under the ROC of UGSR in the differentiation of PTC and NG in the three groups were 0.873,0.840 and 0.811 respectively.The Youden indexes were greatest (0.631,0.536 and 0.535 respectively),when the cut-offs of the UGSR were 0.682,0.652 and 0.831 respectively.The sensitivity and specificity to diagnose PTC were 94.8％ and 68.0％,75.0％ and 78.6％,80.3％ and 73.2％ respectively in the three groups.Conclusions The best UGSR value of PTC was variant in thyroid nodule with different size.Recognition of these differences accurately could improve the pre-operative diagnostic accuracy of PTC.Also the method is simple to operate and easy to apply.
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Preclinical evaluation is related to the clinical safety of radiopharmaceuticals.There are different research foci on preclinical evaluation of different radiopharmaceuticals.This article summarizes the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) preclinical evaluation guidelines of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals,in order to provide reference for domestic research and preclinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical characteristics of a patient with Sensenbrenner syndrome (also called cranioectodermal dysplasia type 3) caused by mutation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) 43 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of the patient was retrospectively analyzed. The target genes was the patient were captured and subjected to next generation sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified through Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient, a-13 year-and-5-month-old girl, was admitted for anemia and renal dysfunction for 8 months. Clinically, she has featured short stature, short limbs, brachydactylia, tooth agenesis, and retinal dystrophy, high-degree myopia, and chronic renal failure. Gene sequencing showed that she has carried a homozygous c.1A>G (p.M1V) mutation of the IFT43 gene, for which both of her parents were heterozygous carriers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>c.1A>G (p.M1V) mutation of the C14ORF179/IFT43 gene is the cause for praecox chronic renal failure in children. Genetic testing can facilitate the diagnosis of this rare disorder. For affected families, prenatal diagnosis should be provided.</p>
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Objective To analyze the related factors of postoperative complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (≥80 years old) and to explore its prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A total of 86 patients with advanced colorectal cancer in Shanxi Dayi Hospital from January 2012 to January 2018 were selected, which were divided into the laparosopic group (35 cases) and the open group (51 cases) according to the operation methods. The clinical data, surgical methods, postoperative complications and related factors of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The amount of bleeding, postoperative anal exhaust time and hospitalization time in the laparoscopic group were less than those in the open group, and the differences were statistically significant (t= 2.107, 3.631, 7.563, all P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in operative time between the laparoscopic group and the open group (t= 2.306, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of postoperative complications for the patients whether cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and lung diseases were involved between the two groups (all P>0.05). The number of poor wound healing in the body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 group (8 cases, 25.0 ％) was more than that in the BMI < 28 kg/m2 group (3 cases, 5.6 ％), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 5.179, P= 0.023). There was no statistical difference in the number of other complications between BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 group and BMI < 28 kg/m2 group (all P> 0.05). The number of postoperative anastomotic fistula, pulmonary infection and poor wound healing in the laparoscopic group were all lower than those in the open group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents between the laparoscopic group and the open group (P= 0.543). Conclusions The elderly patients with colorectal cancer should attach great importance to perioperative diagnosis and treatment, so that preoperativecomplications can be effectively treated and controlled. Besides, it is necessary to give preference to laparoscopic surgery in the prevention of postoperative complications for elderly patients with colorectal cancer.
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Radiopharmaceuticals have been widely used in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diseases, and they play an important role in new drug development. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has rich experience in the administration of radiopharmaceuticals. This article mainly interprets the regulato-ry policy of FDA for radiopharmaceuticals from the aspects of definition, regulations and registration, trying to provide reference for domestic research of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging features, treatments and prognosis of anti GABA-B receptor encephalitis. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of five cases with anti GABA-B receptor encephalitis diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid immunological examination. Results Five cases had acute onset. The initial clinical symptom was epileptic seizure. After epileptic attack, patients developed different degrees of cognition dysfunction, mental and behavioral disorders. Neuroimaging showed that the lesions mainly involved medial temporal lobe and hippocampus. The lesions ware equal or low density shadows in CT scan and long T 1 and T2 signals, T2 high signals on Flair, equal or high signals on DWI in MRI scan. Cranial MRI enhancement showed lesions with no enhancement in two tested cases. One case took PET-CT and data showed a low density shadow of temporal lobe and hippocampus with increased metabolism. CSF and blood immunological examinations showed CSF GABAB-R-AB positive (+), blood GABAB-R-AB positive (+). Five cases were associated with increased NSE. EEG was nonspecific and related to the conscious state of the patient. Lung CT showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in 5 tested cases. Central lung cancers were found in five cases including three cases at onset and two cases during three month follow-up. Bronchoscopic biopsy identified small cell lung cancer in two examined cases. Conclusion Epileptic seizure is the most frequent initial symptoms of anti GABA-B encephalitis. Inflammatory response signals in the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus are image features of anti GABA-B encephalitis. The disease is closely related to lung cancer (Especially c small cell lung cancer, SCLC). Immunological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and the above characteristics are helpful for diagnosis.
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[Summary] The proportions of CD19+CD24 hi CD38 hi regulatory B cells ( Breg ) and CD4+CD25+Treg in peripheral blood of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) were detected by flow cytometric analysis. The concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) protein was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 ( CTLA-4 ) , and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ( GITR) in CD4+T cells and IL-10 in CD19+ B cells were evaluated using real-time PCR. The results showed that the proportions of CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBreg in peripheral blood, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-10 in B cells from patients with T1DM were lower than those from healthy controls (P<0. 05). The mRNA expression levels of Treg associated factors such as Foxp3, CTLA-4, and GITR were lower in CD4+ T cells from children with T1DM compared with the controls(P<0. 05). These results suggest that Breg cell deficiency and dysfunction might be one of the important factors causing cellular immune dysfunction in patients with T1DM.
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Objective To observe the effects of mild hypothermia induced by pentobarbital sodium on hematology in male BALB/C mice.Method Healthy male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into two groups:control group ( C) and mild hypothermia group(M).The body temperature of the mild hypothermia group was maintained between 28℃ to 30℃( anal temperature ) for 4 hours induced by pentobarbital sodium injected intraperitoneally , then recover unaffected . Anal temperature, coagulation, electrolytes, and blood cell indexes were examined in 2, 24, 72 hours after treated by mild hypothermia;Control group was given equal volume of saline volume at constant temperature .Results The body temperature and coagulation in mild hypothermia group showed no significant difference compared with the control group ( P﹥0.05),but the concentration of K +and Na +in mild hypothermia group were higher than control group (P﹤0.01), the number of WBC in mild hypothermia group was lower than control group ( P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05 ) , and the RBC、HGB、MCH、MCHC in mild hypothermia group were lower than control group transiently (P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05).Conclusion Mild hypothermia induced by pentobarbital sodium affects some of hematological values in mice considerably .
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Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9)disorders are a group of ihherited thrombocytopenias resulted from the mutation of MYH9 gene,including May-Hegglin anomaly,Epstein syndrome,Fechtner syndrome and Sebastian syndrome.MYH9 disorders are very often misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).For better understanding of MYH9 of clinical and laboratory and getting enough attention in clinical practice,this review will focus on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and differential diagnosis.
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Objective To observe the rotation of subendocardium and subepidium by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI),and to evaluate its performance in diastolic heart failure patients(DHF)with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. MethodsNinety-seven consecutive clinically stable patients were enrolled in this study [41 healthy controls,36 with diastolic heart failure,20 with systolic heart failure (SHF)]. High frame rate dynamic two-dimensional images were recorded at the left ventricular short-axis view,including basal, papillary muscle and apical planes. Subendocardial and subepicardial global rotation were measured using Q-lab 7.0 software offline. Results ① In all the subjects, the rotation of the subendocardium was obviously greater than that of subepicardium. ②As seen from the apex,left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium performed a wringing motion with a clockwise rotation at the base and countclockwise rotation at the apex. ③In the apical plane, subendocardial rotation was significantly lower in both heart failure groups than in controls,and was depressed to a larger extent in SHF patients than in those with DHF. Subepicardial rotation was no significant difference between the DHF group and the control group, though it was significantly lower in patients with SHF. ④At the base, the rotation of subendocardium and subepicardium were not different between DHF and control groups, but it was significantly reduced in patients with SHF. Conclusions The subendocardial rotation is reduced, but subepicardial rotation is normal in DHF patients. On the other hand, in patients with SHF, subendocardial and subepicardial rotation are both reduced. The left ventricular systolic properties are impaired in DHF patients.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of resting myocardial perfusion of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography(RT-MCE). Methods Thirteen patients with T2DM and 12 in control were enrolled in the study. RT-MCE was performed using a continuous infusion of SonoVue with vena mediana in elbow. Images of left ventricle filled with contrast were acquired from apical 4-, 2-chamber and long axis views with real-time myocardial contrast mode of GE Vivid 7 Dimension system. All above images were captured in continuous 3 cardiac cycles before "flash" ,and then 15 cardiac cycles after "flash". All clips were stored for off-line analysis. Results In quiescent condition, there were significant decrease on indices of A,k and A × k in patients compared with control group (A:6.46 ±1.60 vs 6.81 ± 1.53, P ＜0.05;k:1.04 ± 0.39 vs 1.28 ± 0.31*, P ＜0.01;A× k:6.55 ± 2.72 vs 8.78 ±3.16, P ＜ 0.01, respectively). Conclusions RT-MCE could evaluate the early change of myocardial perfusion in T2DM patients and offers important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) combined with quantitative analysis technique to evaluate renal flow perflusion. Methods Twenty patients with different renal diseases matched with healthy control subjects were examined with Philips iU22 CDFI system. CDFI system and Qlab quantitative technique were used to measure renal restrictive index(RI), vascularization index(VI), flow index(FI), vascularization-flow index (VFI). The patients all received renal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination. Results The RI of 32 kidney with lower flow perfusion in SPECT were higher than in the contol group (P <0.01). VI,FI, VFI were lower than those in control(VI, VFI, P <0.01 ;FI, P <0.05). Conelusious The renal blood flow perfusion of patients with renal diseases are lower than that of healthy people. It has high clinical value using CDFI combined with quantitative analysis technique to evaluate the renal perfusion of the patients with renal diseases.
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Objective To assess longitudinal, radial and circumferential systolic strain of regional myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease by 2-dimensional strain echocardiography, and to explore stenosis of coronary artery impacting on regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction in quietscent condition. Methods Twenty-six patients with coronary artery disease were entrolled into this study and 26 healthy volenteers in the control group. The two-dimensional loop-einec were obtained in apical 4-chamber view,apical 2-chamber view and long axis view of left venricular, and three levels of the short axis views (mitral valve,papillary muscle and cardiac apex). According to left ventricle 18 segments divla, there were 194 affected myocardiums in 26 cases. According to stenosis degrees of coronary artery, the affected myocardiums were divided into two groups: group A (coronary stenosis degree≤70%) and group B (coronary stenosis degree>70%). Longitudinal, radial and circumferential systolic strain (SL, SR, SC) from regional myocardium were analyzed. Results Group A had 90 segments. Compared with control group,SL was decreased significantly from control group (P <0.05),while there were no significantly differences in SC and SR ( P>0.05). Group B had 104 segments. Compared with control group, SL, SC and SR were decreased significantly in group B(P <0.05). There were significant differences in SL,SC and SR between group A and group B(P<0.05). Conclusions Systolic dysfunction of left ventrieular regional myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease could be accuratly analyzed by 2-dimensional strain echocardiography. Changes of SL,SC and SR of regional myoeardium could reflect coronary stenosis severity degree.
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To obtain the aptamers with high affinity and specificity for cyclosporin A(CsA),a synthesized 78 nt single stranded DNA(ssDNA)random library containing 35 random sequences flanked by invariant primer was subjected to 1 1 rounds of selection against CsA by SELEX protocol.Magnetic beads were used for target immobilization and the biotin-streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase system was employed for determining the binding affinity between the aptamers and CsA. After ten rounds of selection and amplification, with an increasing affinity for each round,the selected aptamers were cloned,sequenced and analyzed for their primaryand secondary structures.The 19 aptamers were divided into five groups based on primary sequence homology.Hairpin loop is the main motif in the predicted secondary structure and is supposed to be the binding part of the aptamers to CsA.The CsA-specific aptamers will be useful for enzyme-linked assays or immunofluorescence asses of CsA.